Manuscript Preparation Requirements

2. Author Information

The following information must be provided for each author:

  • full name;
  • institutional affiliation;
  • position;
  • academic degree and academic title, where applicable;
  • city and country;
  • email address.

Author information must be provided in both Russian and English.

All authors must have an ORCID identifier. For authors registered in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), the information in their author profiles must be kept up to date. The identifiers do not need to be included directly in the manuscript.

The corresponding author must be identified separately.

3. Sequence of Article Elements

The manuscript must be arranged in the following order:

  1. publication type – “Research Article”;
  2. DOI – completed by the Editorial Office after the article has been accepted for publication;
  3. UDC;
  4. article title in Russian;
  5. author name(s);
  6. affiliation – organisation, city and country;
  7. email address of the corresponding author;
  8. abstract in Russian;
  9. keywords in Russian;
  10. JEL Classification;
  11. English-language information block;
  12. main text of the article;
  13. reference list;
  14. References;
  15. author contributions – for multi-authored articles;
  16. funding information – where applicable;
  17. conflict of interest statement;
  18. data availability statement – where the study uses empirical data, datasets, observations, surveys, experiments or other materials for which such disclosure is applicable.

8. Structure of the Main Text

The main text of the article should follow the logic of IMRaD and include the sections listed below.

For theoretical and methodological studies, the structure of the main text may be adapted to the nature of the research. The manuscript must nevertheless preserve a clear research sequence: formulation of the research problem and review of current academic literature, description of the methodological approach, presentation and discussion of the results, and conclusion.

Introduction.
The Introduction should formulate the research problem, justify the relevance of the study, review current academic literature, identify insufficiently studied aspects of the problem and state the research objective.

Materials and Methods.
This section should describe the materials and data, the information basis of the study, research design, methodology and analytical tools. The description must be sufficient to explain how the reported results were obtained.

Results.
This section should present the theoretical and/or empirical results in a consistent manner. The results must directly correspond to the stated research objective.

Discussion.
This section should interpret the results, compare them with previously published research, explain identified similarities and differences, and assess the scholarly and practical significance of the findings.

Conclusion.
The Conclusion should present the main findings corresponding to the research objective and the results reported in the article. Where appropriate, it may also identify the practical significance of the findings, research limitations and directions for further research.

13. References

The reference list must reflect the scholarly context of the study and include only sources actually used in preparing the article.

The reference list may be organised in one of the following ways:

  • in the order in which sources are first cited in the text;
  • in alphabetical order.

The selected approach must be applied consistently throughout the reference list.

In-text references must be given in square brackets and correspond to the numbering of the reference list.

The reference list must contain:

  • at least 10 sources;
  • a recommended total of 12–15 sources;
  • no more than 15% self-citation.

The reference list should reflect the current state of research on the problem and provide an adequate scholarly basis for the study. Where relevant international research is available, authors are encouraged to use publications represented in international scholarly information resources, including Scopus and Web of Science.

The use of international publications should be determined by the subject and content of the study and should not result in the inclusion of sources that are not directly relevant to the research problem.

The reference list should consist primarily of scholarly publications directly related to the subject of the study.

Where a DOI is available, it must be provided.

Bibliographic descriptions must contain sufficient information to allow each publication to be identified unambiguously.

International publications must be cited using their official bibliographic information in the original language.

15. Information Accompanying the Publication

15.1. Author Contributions

For multi-authored articles, the contribution of each author to the research and preparation of the manuscript must be stated.

Where all authors have contributed equally, the following wording should be used:

Author contributions: all authors contributed equally to the research and preparation of the manuscript.

Where contributions differ, a brief description of each author’s contribution should be provided instead. This may include development of the research concept and methodology, data collection and processing, calculations, analysis and interpretation of results, preparation of the original draft, editing and final approval of the manuscript.

The contribution statement must reflect each co-author’s actual participation in the research.

15.2. Funding

Where the study received external funding, the name of the funding organisation, grant or project and its number, where applicable, must be stated.

If the study received no external funding, a separate funding statement is optional.

15.3. Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, personal or other circumstances that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the content of the study or the interpretation of its results.

If no conflict of interest exists, the following statement should be provided:

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.

15.4. Data Availability

For studies based on empirical data, authors should, where possible, indicate the source of the data, where the data are available and the conditions governing access.

If the data cannot be made openly available for legal, ethical, contractual or other justified reasons, this should be stated in the article.

This requirement is applied with regard to the nature of the study and the materials used.

16. Requirements for Source Verification and the Use of Artificial Intelligence

16.1. Reliability and Verifiability of Sources

Authors bear personal responsibility for the reliability, accuracy and verifiability of all sources included in the reference list.

Only genuine, existing publications may be included in the reference list. Their bibliographic information must be verifiable through the original publication or reliable scholarly and publishing resources, including:

  • official websites and platforms of publishers and academic journals;
  • eLIBRARY.RU and RSCI;
  • Scopus and Web of Science;
  • electronic libraries;
  • official websites of research and educational institutions;
  • Crossref and other DOI registration systems.

The following are not permitted in the reference list:

  • non-existent articles, monographs, journals, conference proceedings or other publications;
  • sources containing fabricated or substantially distorted bibliographic information;
  • DOIs, URLs or other identifiers that do not correspond to the cited publication;
  • bibliographic records generated automatically and not subsequently verified by the author against an existing source.

Authors must personally verify the existence of each source, the accuracy of its bibliographic information and the correspondence between the bibliographic record and the publication actually consulted and used in the study.

16.2. Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Artificial intelligence tools may be used as an auxiliary instrument, including for language editing, text revision, structuring and technical processing.

Artificial intelligence systems may not be listed as authors or co-authors of a scholarly publication. Authors remain fully responsible for the content of the manuscript in all cases.

The following are not permitted:

  • inclusion of bibliographic references generated using AI without subsequent verification by the author;
  • inclusion of non-existent publications;
  • attribution of publications to real researchers who did not actually author them;
  • use of AI to generate fictitious data, research results, statistical indicators, quotations or other information presented as factual research output;
  • use of generated content whose reliability the author cannot verify.

If artificial intelligence tools were used not only for language or technical editing but also in a substantive part of the research – for example, for data processing or analysis, classification of materials or other operations affecting the methodology or results – the fact and nature of such use must be disclosed in the article.

16.3. Editorial Verification

The Editorial Board reserves the right to conduct selective or comprehensive verification of bibliographic sources, DOIs, URLs, quotations and other information included in the manuscript.

Where necessary, the Editorial Board may request information or materials from the author confirming the existence and content of individual publications.

The identification of fictitious or knowingly unreliable sources is regarded as a breach of research integrity and may constitute grounds for rejection of the manuscript.

If such a breach is identified after publication, the Editorial Board will consider correction, publication of an editorial notice or retraction of the article in accordance with the Journal’s Corrections and Retractions Policy.

16.4. Author Confirmation

By submitting an article to the Journal, the author confirms that:

  • every source included in the reference list genuinely exists;
  • every source has been verified by the author;
  • bibliographic information corresponds to the publications actually used;
  • works included in the reference list were genuinely used in preparing the study;
  • artificial intelligence tools were not used to introduce unverified or fictitious bibliographic references into the article;
  • the author remains responsible for the final content of the article regardless of the use of digital tools or artificial intelligence systems.

The Editorial Board proceeds from the presumption of authorial good faith and adheres to the principle that fictitious and knowingly unreliable sources are unacceptable in scholarly publications.