COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO ASSESSING DIGITAL MATURITY IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY

Abstract

Introduction. The current development of the transport industry increases the importance of digital maturity as a category that reflects not only the presence of technological solutions, but also the ability of transport systems to ensure the coherence of managerial, infrastructural, operational, and information processes. The uneven digital transformation of different modes of transport and the growing requirements for data reliability, safety, and interorganizational interaction determine the need for a comparative analysis of approaches to assessing digital maturity and for identifying their applicability to the transport industry. Materials and methods. The study is based on a theoretical and analytical approach using comparative analysis, content analysis, and typologization. The article examines scientific publications and analytical materials devoted to the assessment of digital maturity, digital readiness, and digital transformation in the transport industry, logistics, supply chains, and related socio-technical systems. The comparison of approaches was carried out according to the object of assessment, the understanding of digital maturity, the level of analysis, the structure of criteria, the degree of industry-specific adaptation, and application limitations. Research results. The approaches to assessing the digital maturity of the transport industry differ in terms of the object of analysis, the level of detail, and the degree to which industry-specific features are considered. Universal models provide a general methodological framework, logistics-process approaches reveal the role of flows and operations, while transport-specific models make it possible to take into account the infrastructural, organizational, and operational features of the transportation process. Regional, ecosystem-based, and risk-oriented approaches expand the assessment by considering territorial connectivity, stakeholder interaction, and the sustainability of digital development. As a result, the digital maturity of transport can be represented as a multi-level characteristic of the coherence of data, processes, infrastructure, management, and participants in transportation activities. Discussion and conclusion. The digital maturity of the transport industry cannot be reduced to the level of automation, the existence of a digital strategy, or a list of implemented solutions. Its content is formed at the intersection of organizational, process, infrastructural, regional, ecosystem-based, and risk-oriented levels of analysis. The comparative analysis of approaches shows that the most productive direction for the further development of assessment methodologies is not the direct transfer of universal models, but their adaptation to the industry-specific features of transport, taking into account operational complexity, regulatory requirements, territorial heterogeneity, interorganizational interaction, and digital transformation risks.